基于戴维南等效电路，推导一定有功模式下有功损耗及静态电压稳定裕度与功率因数角的关系解析表达式。在2维坐标系下构造出反映2者关系的实时运行域，并提出3个新指标，可用来快速预估节点无功补偿情况、指导无功优化目标的选择。采用量测值获得节点戴维南等效参数，即可清晰确定当前运行状态下各节点所需无功补偿情况及无功优化方向，从而弥补了传统方法实时应用中存在的系统规模过大、非线性模型不准确和计算速度慢等缺陷。IEEE 39节点系统仿真分析结果表明，所提方法简单、快速、有效，物理概念明确，不受网络规模、参数的影响，有实时应用前景。

Based on Thevenin equivalent parameters, the analytical expression formulas of active power loss and static voltage stability related to power-factor angle under certain active power model were derived. According to these formulas, a real-time region reflecting the relationship between active power loss and static voltage stability margin was constructed in a two-dimensional coordinate system. Three new reference indexes were proposed, based on which node reactive power compensation can be quickly estimated and the objective of optimal reactive power flow can be chosen. Using the Thevenin equivalence parameters obtained from the measurement system, the reactive power compensation and optimizing direction of node can be confirmed clearly ,which avoids the defects of traditional method in the aspects of system scale, accuracy of nonlinear model and speed of calculation in real time conditions. Simulation results of IEEE 39-bus system have shown that the method is simple, fast and effective. The method has explicit physical meaning, is not influenced by the network scale and parameters, and has the prospect of application in real-time power system.

国家自然科学基金项目(50377021，50677036)。